Scoliosis

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Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine. Specifically, it is a three-dimension deviation of the spinal axis. On an X-ray, a person's spine will resemble an "S" or a "C," rather than being straight. Scoliosis can be congenital (present from birth), idiopathic (of unknown cause) or secondary to some other condition, such as the result of spina bifida or cerebral palsy.
Signs and Symptoms of Scholiosis
Signs of scoliosis include the following:
- Uneven musculature on one side of the spine
- Prominence of a rib or shoulder blade
- Uneven hips, arm or leg length
- Slow nerve action in some cases
It is believed that 65 percent of scoliosis cases are idiopathic, 15 percent are congenital, and about 10 percent the result of neuromuscular disease. Congenital scoliosis generally develops in utero, between weeks three and six of gestation.
Management of scoliosis in children and adolescents traditionally consists of observation, bracing, physical therapy, and potentially, surgery. For adults, treatment focuses more on pain management than correction, with bracing, exercises or surgery available in some cases. The most widely used surgical procedure for scoliosis is spinal fusion, where bone is grafted onto the vertebrae, forming one solid bone mass that becomes rigid when healed. Generally, scoliosis does not interfere with a person's ability to have normal functions. About two to three percent of the population is affected with scoliosis.