Myelodysplasia
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Myelodysplasia is a medical condition of the blood characterized by the ineffective production, or dysplasia, of all the body's blood cells. Individuals with this condition suffer from severe anemia and often require transfusions. In some patients, the condition will progress to the point of bone marrow failure. However, many people live normal lives with myelodysplasia.
In general, the average age for the onset of myelodysplasia is between 60 and 75 years of age, although some people develop it in their 50s. It is also more common in men than women. Signs and symptoms of myelodysplasia can be general, including the following:
- Anemia
- Increased susceptibility to infections
- A low platelet count
Many patients are completely asymptomatic, only diagnosed after a routine blood test. It is believed that myelodysplasia is caused by environmental exposure. Secondary cases often result from cancer treatment.
Myelodysplasia must be distinguished from regular anemia, and results after a complete investigation that includes a full blood count and a bone marrow examination. Therapeutic goals stress the control of symptoms and a general improvement in daily life, as opposed to any cure. There are some indications that stem cell transplants hold promise in younger patients, as do bone marrow transplants. The long-term prognosis is variable, as younger patients have better chances of survival and management of the condition.