Conjoined Twins
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Conjoined twins are identical siblings who have been physically joined together in womb. It remains a very rare condition, estimated to occur once in every 49,000 to 189,000 births. Approximately half of all conjoined twins are stillborn, and the prevalence is three times more likely with girls than boys.
Conjoined Twins History
The term "conjoined" has replaced the older tern "Siamese twin." This term originated from a famous pair of conjoined twins, Chang and Eng Bunker, who were born in Siam (modern Thailand) and moved to the United States in the 19th century. However, evidence of conjoined twins exists in the archaeological record as far back as the 4th century. The earliest known recorded incidence of conjoined twins can be found in documents dated to 942 CE, when a pair of conjoined twins from Armenia was brought to Constantinople.
There are several different types of conjoined twins.
- Thoraco-omphalopagus
- Thoracopagus
- Omphalopagus
- Parasitic Twins
- Craniopagus
The most common is Thoraco-omphalopagus, in which twins are joined at the chest, often sharing major organs such as the heart or liver. Surgery has sometimes proven to be an effective way to separate conjoined twins, with the success or even the possibility of the surgery dependent upon the point of attachment and any shared organs. The first successful separation of conjoined twins occurred in 1957. Often, one or both of the twins die as the result of surgery.