Hypoplasia

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Hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of a bodily tissue or organ. It is a congenital condition, a less dramatic form of aplasia, in which the tissue or organ in question is not developed at all. Hypoplasia may occur in any of the body's organs, and is a term used to describe any number of medical conditions.

Some of the more common disorders that involve hypoplasia include the following:

• Kliengfelter's syndrome is characterized by a hypoplasia of the testes.
• In DiGeorge syndrome, there is a hypoplasia of the thymus.
• When a person has Coeliac disease, there is a hypoplasia of the small bowel.
• Pontocerebellar hypoplasia affects the brain.
• Pulmonary hypoplasia involved lung failure.

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of related conditions that affects brain development. In this condition, the pons and the cerebellum are most affected. An individual with this condition is born with microcephaly, an undersized head. Often this microcephaly is not noticeable at birth, but becomes pronounced in infancy, as the person's head does not develop in conjunction with the rest of their body.

Pulmonary hypoplasia is the failure of the lungs to develop in utero, resulting in lungs that cannot perform the basic function of gas exchange. Optic nerve hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of the optic nerve, the collection of nerve fibers that transmit images from the eye to the brain. Vision impairment as the result of optic nerve hypoplasia can range from mild to severe, and there is neither medical nor surgical treatment for this condition.